Right Forms of Verbs এর নিয়ম ও ব্যবহার-Use of the Right Form of the Verbs

Use of the Right Form of the Verbs

1. Subject. Third Person Singular Number (he, she, it ও যে কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু ইত্যাদি) হলে Verb- এর শেষে s/es-যোগ হয়। Verb-এর শেষে 'y' থাকলে ও 'y' এর পূর্বে consonant থাকলে 'y'-এর পরিবর্তে 'ies' বসে। যে সকল Verb-এর শেষে sh, ss, ch, x এবং ০ থাকে তাদের শেষে cs যোগ হয়।

The boy (play) football.

He always (carry) an umbrella with him.

Ans: The boy plays football.

Ans. He always carries an umbrella with him.

Rina (go) to school everyday. Ans. Rina goes to school everyday.

2. Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) বুঝালে Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন-

The sun (rise), in the cast.

Ans: The sun rises in the east.

3 কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এমন Sentence-এ যদি always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally ইত্যাদি থাকে তবে Simple Present Tense হয়। যেমন:

He always (disturb) the class.

A good boy (prepare) his lessons regularly.

Ans. He always disturbs the class.

Ans: A good boy prepares his lessons regularly.

When Mr. Karim (take) his lunch normally?

Ans. When does Mr. Karim take his lunch normally?

4 Auxiliary Verb (arm, is, are, was, were) বিহীন বাক্যকে Negative বা Interrogative করতে হলে Tense Subject অনুসারে do, does বা did ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:

The girl not (sing) a song.

Ans: The girl does not sing a song.

He (come) home yesterday?

Ans: Did he come home yesterday?

5. Interrogative Sentence-এ যদি what, when, where, who, which, whose, why, how থাকে তাহলে Subject এর পূর্বে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী to be verb/Auxiliary Verb যোগ করতে হয়। To be verb/Auxiliary Verb না থাকলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী do/does বা did বসে। যেমন-

What (be) your name? Ans. What is your name?

Ans: What are you doing now?

What you (do) now?

Why he (look) so angry?

Ans: Why does he look so angry?

What you (want)?

Ans: What do you want?

6 বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝাতে Verb এর Present Continuous Tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে বর্তমান সময়ের (now, at this moment ইত্যাদি) উল্লেখ থাকে। যেমন-

He (sing) a song now.

Ans: He is singing a song now.

They (watch) TV. at this moment.

Ans: They are watching TV. at this moment.

7. কোনো Sentence-এ যদি has, have/had থাকে তাহলে Verb এর Past participle হয়। যেমন-

He has (do) the work.

Ans: He has done the work.

We have (make) him captain.

Ans: We have made him captain.

8 Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently ইত্যাদি থাকলে Present Perfect Tense হয়।

যেমন:

I (see) him recently.

Ans: I have seen him recently. You ever (be) to Dhaka?

Ans: Have you ever been to Dhaka?.

He (go) out just now.

Ans: He has gone out just now.

9 অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন (yesterday, ago, long since, last night ইত্যাদি) থাকলে Verb এর

Past form হয়। যেমন-

He (leave) home last night.

Ans: He left home last night. 1 (come) home yesterday.

Ans: I came home yesterday.

1 (see) you long ago.

Ans: I saw you long ago.

10. No Sooner had than, scarcely had when, hardly had before থাকলে ১ম ব্র্যাকেটের Verb কে past participle করতে হয় এবং ২য় ব্র্যাকেটের Verb কে past form করতে হয়। যেমন-

No sooner had he (see) the police than he (run) away.

No sonner had he seen the police than he ran away.

11. Since এর ১ম অংশ Simple Present / Present Perfect Tense হলে পরের অংশ Simple Past

Tense হয়। যেমন-

It is many years since I (come) to Dhaka.

Ans: It is many years since I came to Dhaka.

Many years have passed since his father (die).

Ans: Many years have passed since his father died.

12. Since-এর প্রথম অংশ Simple Past হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect করতে হয়। যেমন-

It was many years since they first (meet). Ans: It was many years since they had first met.

It was long since I (see) her last.

Ans: It was long since I had seen her last.

. Before এর প্রথম অংশ Past Perfect Tense- এর হলে পরের অংশ Simple Past Tense হয়। আর after 13 এর প্রথম অংশ Simple Past Tense এর হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন-

The patient (die) before the doctor came.

Ans: The patient had died before the doctor came..

The patient died after the doctor (come).

Ans: The patient died after the doctor had come.

14. যদি কোনো Simple Sentence-এ দুটি Verb থাকে, তাহলে ব্র্যাকেটের Verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় অথবা Verb-টির পূর্বে to বসাতে হয় অথবা verb-টির Past Participle করতে হয়।

I saw him (read).

Ans: I saw him reading.

I don't want (read) this book.

Ans: I don't want to read this book.

I got the letter (type). Ans: I got the letter typed.

15. Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare ইত্যাদির পর প্রদত্ত verb-এর Present form হয় এবং প্রদত্ত verb-এর পূর্বে to থাকলে উক্ত to উঠে যায়। যেমন:

You had better (to go) home.

Ans: You had better go home.

I will not let you (to enter) the class room.

Ans: I will not let you enter the class room.

16. Sentence-এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে Subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং প্রদত্ত Verb-এর Present form বসে। যেমন:

Would that I (go) to college.

Ans: Would that I could go to college.

17. To be এবং having এর পর মূল Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। যেমন:

He ran away having (take) the money. Ans: He ran away having taken the money.

The principal desired the notice to be (hang).

Ans: The principal desired the notice to be hung

18. প্রদত্ত Verb-এর পূর্বে mind, worth, without, past, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to এবং preposition থাকলে ব্র্যাকেটের verb-এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন:

I went to the library with a view to (read) there.

I went to the library with a view to reading there.

He never thought of (go) to cinema.

He never thought of going to cinema.

19. It is high time, it is time, wish, fancy ইত্যাদি থাকলে ব্র্যাকেটের Verb এর Past form হয়। যেমন:

I fancy 1 (turn) pale. Ans: I fancy I turned pale.

It is high time he (change) his bad habits. Ans: It is high time he changed his bad habits.

I wish I (sing) a song. Ans: I wish I sang a song.

20. As though, as if, wish থাকলে ব্র্যাকেটের to be এর জায়গায় were বসে। যেমন:

wish I (to be) a king. I

Ans: I wish I were a king.

He talks as if he (to be) leader.

Ans: He talks as if he were leader.

21. As though/as if এর প্রথম অংশ Simple Present Tense হলে পরের অংশ Simple Past হয়। আবার প্রথম অংশ Simple Past Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন:

He speaks as though he (know) everything. Ans: He speaks as though he knew everything.

She proceeded as though I (not speak).

Ans: She proceeded as though I had not spoken.

22. Every, each, one of থাকলে প্রদত্ত Verb এর Singular হয়। যেমন:

One of the boys (be) absent yesterday.

One of the boys was absent yesterday.

Everybody (love) flowers. Ans: Everybody loves flowers.

23. Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would ইত্যাদি auxiliary verb হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে মূল verb-টি Present Tense হবে। যেমন:

1. You may (come) tomorrow. Ans: You may come tomorrow.

2.1 can (do) the work

Ans: I can do the work.

3. One should (take) care of one's health.

Ans: One should take care of one's health.

24. ব্র্যাকেটের verb-এর পূর্বের অংশের অর্থাৎ main clause-এর verb টি past tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next-এর পরে কোনো সময়ের (next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি) উল্লেখ থাকলে ব্র্যাকেটের verb-এর পূর্বে would বা should বসে। এক্ষেত্রে ব্র্যাকেটের verb-টির Present form হয়। যেমন:

He said that he (go) home the next day.

Main clause

Ans: He said that he would go home the next day.

25. Am, is, are, was, were ইত্যাদি 'to be' verb-এর পর Passive Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্র্যাকেটের Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। যেমন:

The book was (steal)

Ans. The book was stolen.

26. If Simple Present Tense Simple Future Tense

If clause-টি যদি Simple Present Tense হয় তাহলে অপরটি (Principal clause-টি) Simple Future Tense হয়। যেমন:

(1) If he works hard, he (shine) in life.

Ans: If he works hard, he will shine in life.

(ii) If you run in the rain, you (catch) cold.

Ans: If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. iii) I will not go out if it (rain)

( Ans: I will not go out if it rains.

27. If Simple Past Past Conditional (Subject

would/might/could মূল Verb এর

Present form) If clause-টি Simple Past-এ থাকলে Principal Clause-টির (অপর অংশটি) Subject এর পরে might / could / would বসে+ bracket-এর Verb-টির Present form বসে। যেমনঃ-

If he came. I (go). Ans: If he came, I would go.

If I had a typewriter. I (type) myself.

Ans: If I had a typewriter, I would type myself.

I would help him if he (want). Ans: I would help him if he wanted.

28. If Past Perfect Tense + Perfect Conditional (subject would have / could have /might

have + bracket-এর Verb-টির Past Participle form). If clause-টি Past Perfect Tense-এ থাকলে অপর অংশটির (Principal Clauটি) Subject এর পরে might have / would have/ could have বসে এবং bracket-এর Verb-টির Past Participle হয়।

যেমন:

If I had seen him, I (tell) him the matter.

Ans: If I had seen him, I might have told him the matter.

If you had started earlier, you (catch) the bus.

Ans: If you had started earlier, you would have caught the bus. I would have brought a mule if you (tell) me before.

Ans: 1 would have brought a mule if you had told me before. 29. Had + Subject + Past Participle দ্বারা কোনো Sentence শুরু হলে অপরটির Perfect conditional হ설

অর্থাৎ Subject এর পর would have / could have/might have বসে+ bracket এর verb এর past participle হয়। যেমন:

Had I been a king. I (help) the poor.

Ans: Had I been a king. I would have helped the poor.

Had I possessed vast property, 1 (establish) a college.

30

Ans: Had I possessed vast property, I would have established a college.

. দু'টি Clause এর মধ্যে যেটিতে If Subject + were থাকে অপরটি (Principal clause) Subject এর পরে might +would/could বসে এবং bracket এর ক্রিয়ার Present form বসে।

If I were a bird. 1 (fly).

Ans: If I were a bird, I would fly. If I were you, I (not do) this.

Ans: If I were you, I would not do this. If I were a king. I (help) the poor.

Ans: If I were a king, I would help the poor.

31.

কোনো কাজ পূর্বে শুরু হয়ে এখনও পর্যন্ত চলছে বুঝালে verb-এর Present Perfect Continuous tense से।

যেমনঃ

1 (read) for three hours.

Ans: I have been reading for three hours.

It (rain) since morning.

Ans. It has been raining since morning.

32. Have, has, had, get, got ইত্যাদি verb-গুলো যখন কোনো sentence এর মধ্যে Causitive verb এর কাজ করে তখন ব্র্যাকেটের verb-টির Past Participle হয়। যেমন:

I got the work (do) by him.

Ans: I got the work done by him.

I had my rice (cook).

I had my rice cooked.

33. Lest যুক্ত sentence-এ lest এর পরে যে subject থাকে তার পরে should/might বসে এবং ব্র্যাকেটের verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন:

He ran fast lest he (miss) the train.

Ans: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

34. While এর ঠিক পরেই ব্র্যাকেটের মধ্যে যে ক্রিয়া থাকে তার সাথে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু while এর পরে subject থাকলে while এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। যেমন:

While (walk) in the garden, a snake bit him.

Ans: While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

While he (walk) in the garden, a snake bit him.

While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

. কোনো sentence এর verb তার subject এর number এবং person অনুযায়ী ব্যবহৃত হয় অর্থাৎ subject 35 singular হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural হলে verb plural হয়। যেমনঃ The colour of his eyes (be) blue.

Ans: The colour of his eyes is blue.

The players in the field (be) strong.

Ans: The players in the field are strong.

38. একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়। যেমন:

Fifty miles (be) a long way.

Ans: Fifty miles is a long way.

37. কোনো sentence যদি there দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তার পর যদি singular number থাকে তাহলে there এর পরে singular verb বসে। আর plural number থাকলে there এর পর plural verb বসে। যেমন: There (be) a high school in our village.

Ans: There is a high school in our village. There (be) two high schools in our village.

Ans: There are two high schools in our village.