Subject-Verb Agreement এর নিয়ম, ব্যবহার এবং উদাহরণ
Subject-এর সাথে Verb-এর অসংগতিপূর্ণ ব্যবহারজনিত ভুল)
১. কোনো Sentence-এর Subject-এর Number এবং Person অনুযায়ী সেই Sentence-এর Verb ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থাৎ Subject যদি Singular হয়, তাহলে Verb টিও Singular হবে এবং Subject যদি Plural হয়, তাহলে Verb টিও Plural হবে।
Incorrect: The colour of his eyes are blue.
Correct: The colour of his eyes is blue.
ব্যাখ্যাঃ উপরের বাক্যটিতে ‘eyes’ বাক্যের Subject নয়। ‘colour’ বাক্যের Subject তাই ‘are’ না হয়ে ‘is’ হবে।
Note:
অনেক সময় Preposition Phrase দ্বারা Subject বিচ্ছিন্ন থাকে। সেক্ষেত্রে Subject-এর উপর Phrase-এর কোনো ভূমিকা থাকে না।
Incorrect: The players in the field is taking rest.
Correct: The players in the field are taking rest.
২. দুই বা ততোধিক Singular Noun বা Pronoun ‘and’ দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে তাদের Verb এবং Pronoun Plural
হয়।
Incorrect: Jamal and Kamal has gone to his native village.
Correct: Jamal and Kamal have gone to their native village.
• Exception (ব্যতিক্রম):
(1) And যারা যুক্ত Subject-গুলো যদি একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তবে তাদের পরবর্তী verb এবং pronoun singular হয়।
Ine: The Headmaster and Secretary are present. Cor. The Headmaster and Secretary is present.
কিন্তু And যারা যুক্ত Subject দু'টি যদি ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তবে verb plural হয়।
Ine: The Headmaster and the Secretary is present.
Cer: The Headmaster and the Secretary are present.
(ii) And দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েও যদি Noun-গুলো একটি মাত্র ভাব প্রকাশ করে তবে Verb Singular হয়।
Ine: Bread and butter are my favourite breakfast. Cor: Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
Ine: Slow and steady win the race.
Cor: Slow and steady wins the race.
ব্যতিক্রমঃ
Ine: Time and tide waits for none.
Cor: Time and tide wait for none.
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(iii) And দ্বারা যুক্ত Singular Noun-গুলোর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে each, every বা no থাকলে তৎপরবর্তী Verb ও
Pronoun Singular হয়।
Inc: Each boy and each girl have a pen.
Cor: Each boy and each girl has a pen.
Ine: Every boy, every girl and every child were welcomed.
Cor. Every boy, every girl and every child was welcomed.
Ine: No teacher and no student help the poor boy.
Cor: No teacher and no student helps the poor boy.
( iv) And এর পর no বা not থাকলে verb-টি and এর পূর্ববর্তী subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Ine: Rahman and not his sons have helped me.
Cor: Rahman and not his sons has helped me.
With, together with, as well as, along with, in addition to, accompanied by দ্বারা কোনো
Noun বা Pronoun যুক্ত হলে তৎপরবর্তী verb প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Inc: Lily as well as her sisters have done well in the examination.
Cor: Lily as well as her sisters has done well in the examination.
Ine: The Headmaster along with the students have planted saplings. (চারাগাছ)
Cor: The Headmaster along with the students has planted saplings.
Ine: Mr. Azad accompanied by his children have attented the party. Cor: Mr. Azad accompanied by his children has attended the party.
(1) either-or, neither nor দ্বারা singular subject যুক্ত হলে verb singular হয়।
Ine: Either he or his brother are guilty.
Cor: Either he or his brother is guilty.
(11) either...........or, neither nor দ্বারা ভিন্ন Number এর subject-যুক্ত হলে plural subject-
টি verb-এর পূর্বে বসে এবং verb-টি plural হয়।
Ine: Neither the chairman nor the members is present.
Cor: Neither the chairman nor the members are present.
(iii) either...........or, neither nor দ্বারা যুক্ত subject যদি ভিন্ন person এর হয় হবে verb-টি
শেষের subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Ine: Either he or his brothers is present.
Cor. Either he or his brothers are present. Ine: Neither he nor his friends has attended the functioin.
Cor: Neither he nor his friends have attended the function.
কোনো Sentence-এ বিভিন্ন person-এর Noun ও Pronoun একত্রে লিখবার সময় প্রথমে 2nd person, তার
পর 3rd person এবং শেষে 1st person (231) বসে।
Ine: I, you and Habib are present.
Cor: You, Habib and I are present.
কিন্তু দোষ স্বীকার বুঝালে প্রথমে 1st person, তার পর 3rd person এবং সর্বশেষে 2nd person (132) বসে।
Ine: You, Habib and I are guilty.
Cor: 1, Habib and you are guilty.
অন্যান্য Noun এবং Pronoun-এর সঙ্গে 1st person থাকলে তাদের পরিবর্তে 1st person-এর pronoun বসে। কিন্তু 2nd person 3rd person এক সঙ্গে থাকলে তাদের পরিবর্তে 2nd person-এর pronoun বসে।
Inc: My father and I did his best.
Cor: My father and I did our best.
Ine: You and your students did their best.
Cor: You and your students did your best.
Collective Noun-গুলো সাধারণত singular এবং এদের পরে verb singular হয়।
Ine: The Jury were unanimous in their opinion.
Cor. The jury was unanimous in its opinion. Inc: The family have been living here for four years.
Cor: The family has been living here for four years.
কিন্তু Noun of Multitude বুঝালে এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Ine: The jury was divided in its opinion.
Cor: The jury were divided in their opinion.
Note:
Noun of Multitude: Collective Noun-এর প্রত্যেক ব্যক্তি বা অংশকে পৃথকভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে Noun of Multitude বলে। উপরের Sentence-এ jury-Noun of Multitude.
একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়।
Inc: Forty miles are a long way.
Cor: Forty miles is a long way.
কিন্তু সংখ্যা বুঝালে Verb Plural হয়।
Ine: Two thirds of the students is present today.
Cor: Two thirds of the students are present today.
9. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো দেখতে Singular কিন্তু মূলত তারা Plural এবং তাদের পরে Plural Verb বসে। aristocracy, nobility, clergy, cattle, poultry, people, folk, gentry, vermin ইত্যাদি।
Ine: Cattle is grazing in the field.
Cor: Cattle are grazing in the field.
Ine: The clergy is happy. Cor: The clergy are happy.
10. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো দেখতে Plural হলেও তারা মূলত Singular এবং তাদের পরে Singular Verb বসে। Mathematics, news, physics, gallows, politics, small pox, whereabouts ইত্যাদি।
Ine: The news are false. Cor: The news is false.
11. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো Plural এবং এর পরে Plural Verb বসে। spectacles, scissors, tidings, wages, thanks, ashes, assets, alms, aborigines, amends, auspices, billiards, bowels. eves, entrails, measles, mumps, nuptials, odds, trousers, shorts, pants, jaws, glasses, pliers, shears, vitals, proceeds, annals, bellows, environs ইত্যাদি। Ine: The scissors is blunt.
Cor: The scissors are blunt.
Inc: His spectacles is broken.
Cor: His spectacles are broken.
কিন্তু উপযুক্ত Noun-গুলোর পূর্বে নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যাবাচক বিশেষণ (Definite Numeral adjective) যেমন- brace, gross, dozen, patr, hundred, thousand, score, fathom, head ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb singular হয়। যেমন-
Ine: One dozen of bananas are sufficient.
Cor: One dozen of bananas is sufficient. Ine: A pair of shoes are on the table.
Cor: A pair of shoes is on the table.
7.
12. বইয়ের নাম, দেশের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও তারা মূলত singular এবং তাদের পরে singular verb বসে। যেমন-
Ine: Gulliver's Travels are a famous book.
Cor: Gulliver's Travels is a famous book.
Ine: The United States of America are a rich country.
Cor. The United States of America is a rich country.
13. Adjective-এর কোনো plural form নেই তবে adjective-এর পূর্বে The বসালে adjective-টি Plural Common Noun হয় এবং তারপরে Plural verb বসে।
Ine: The plous is happy.
Cor: The plous are happy.
14. যখন কোনো Infinitive, Gerund. Verbal Noun, Clause অথবা Phrase কোনো Sentence-এর
subject হয় তখন Verb singular হয়।
Ine: To walk are a good exercise.
Cor: To walk is a good exercise.
Ine: Walking are a good exercise.
Cor: Walking is a good exercise.
15. Subject এবং Complement বিভিন্ন Number-এর হলে verb-subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Inc: The Muslims is a brave nation.
Cor: The Muslims are a brave nation.
16. Relative Pronoun-এর পরে verb antecedent অনুযায়ী ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Inc: It is I who is responsible for this.
Cor: It is I who am responsible for this.
17. কোনো Sentence যদি Introductory "There" দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তার পরে যদি singular number থাকে তাহলে There-এর পরে singular verb বসে। আর plural number থাকলে theré এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Ine: There are a big tree in front of our school.
Cor: There is a big tree in front of our school.
Ine: There is many schools in our areas. Cor: There are many schools in our areas.
18. One of the এর পরে noun/pronoun plural number এর হয় কিন্তু verb singular হয়। যেমন- Ine: One of the boys are absent.
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4
Cor: One of the boys is absent.
Exercise
Ninety percent of the people is/are ignorant.
She as well as her sisters sing/sings well.
Slow and steady win/wins the race.
Five hundred taka is/are a good amount.
5. The horse and carriage has/have cost him three thousand taka.
6.
Each boy and each girl has/have the same book.
7. Either you or he is/are correct.
8
Rahim or his sister has/have gone there. 9. The captain with his followers has/have reached there in time.
10. His choice of words are/is praiseworthy. 11. The beauties of Cox's Bazar is/are worth mentioning
12. III news run/runs fast.
13. "Great Expectations of Charles Dickens is/are a great novel.
14. There is/are many good schools in the town.
15. There is/are a quiet place in my area.
16. Our guide was/were the stars.
17. Early to bed and early to rise make/makes a man healthy. 18. Each house and each tree was/were burnt down.
19. The Chairman and the Secretary of the school was/were present in the meeting yesterday.
১. কোনো Sentence-এর Subject-এর Number এবং Person অনুযায়ী সেই Sentence-এর Verb ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থাৎ Subject যদি Singular হয়, তাহলে Verb টিও Singular হবে এবং Subject যদি Plural হয়, তাহলে Verb টিও Plural হবে।
Incorrect: The colour of his eyes are blue.
Correct: The colour of his eyes is blue.
ব্যাখ্যাঃ উপরের বাক্যটিতে ‘eyes’ বাক্যের Subject নয়। ‘colour’ বাক্যের Subject তাই ‘are’ না হয়ে ‘is’ হবে।
Note:
অনেক সময় Preposition Phrase দ্বারা Subject বিচ্ছিন্ন থাকে। সেক্ষেত্রে Subject-এর উপর Phrase-এর কোনো ভূমিকা থাকে না।
Incorrect: The players in the field is taking rest.
Correct: The players in the field are taking rest.
২. দুই বা ততোধিক Singular Noun বা Pronoun ‘and’ দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে তাদের Verb এবং Pronoun Plural
হয়।
Incorrect: Jamal and Kamal has gone to his native village.
Correct: Jamal and Kamal have gone to their native village.
• Exception (ব্যতিক্রম):
(1) And যারা যুক্ত Subject-গুলো যদি একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তবে তাদের পরবর্তী verb এবং pronoun singular হয়।
Ine: The Headmaster and Secretary are present. Cor. The Headmaster and Secretary is present.
কিন্তু And যারা যুক্ত Subject দু'টি যদি ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তবে verb plural হয়।
Ine: The Headmaster and the Secretary is present.
Cer: The Headmaster and the Secretary are present.
(ii) And দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েও যদি Noun-গুলো একটি মাত্র ভাব প্রকাশ করে তবে Verb Singular হয়।
Ine: Bread and butter are my favourite breakfast. Cor: Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
Ine: Slow and steady win the race.
Cor: Slow and steady wins the race.
ব্যতিক্রমঃ
Ine: Time and tide waits for none.
Cor: Time and tide wait for none.
87
(iii) And দ্বারা যুক্ত Singular Noun-গুলোর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে each, every বা no থাকলে তৎপরবর্তী Verb ও
Pronoun Singular হয়।
Inc: Each boy and each girl have a pen.
Cor: Each boy and each girl has a pen.
Ine: Every boy, every girl and every child were welcomed.
Cor. Every boy, every girl and every child was welcomed.
Ine: No teacher and no student help the poor boy.
Cor: No teacher and no student helps the poor boy.
( iv) And এর পর no বা not থাকলে verb-টি and এর পূর্ববর্তী subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Ine: Rahman and not his sons have helped me.
Cor: Rahman and not his sons has helped me.
With, together with, as well as, along with, in addition to, accompanied by দ্বারা কোনো
Noun বা Pronoun যুক্ত হলে তৎপরবর্তী verb প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Inc: Lily as well as her sisters have done well in the examination.
Cor: Lily as well as her sisters has done well in the examination.
Ine: The Headmaster along with the students have planted saplings. (চারাগাছ)
Cor: The Headmaster along with the students has planted saplings.
Ine: Mr. Azad accompanied by his children have attented the party. Cor: Mr. Azad accompanied by his children has attended the party.
(1) either-or, neither nor দ্বারা singular subject যুক্ত হলে verb singular হয়।
Ine: Either he or his brother are guilty.
Cor: Either he or his brother is guilty.
(11) either...........or, neither nor দ্বারা ভিন্ন Number এর subject-যুক্ত হলে plural subject-
টি verb-এর পূর্বে বসে এবং verb-টি plural হয়।
Ine: Neither the chairman nor the members is present.
Cor: Neither the chairman nor the members are present.
(iii) either...........or, neither nor দ্বারা যুক্ত subject যদি ভিন্ন person এর হয় হবে verb-টি
শেষের subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Ine: Either he or his brothers is present.
Cor. Either he or his brothers are present. Ine: Neither he nor his friends has attended the functioin.
Cor: Neither he nor his friends have attended the function.
কোনো Sentence-এ বিভিন্ন person-এর Noun ও Pronoun একত্রে লিখবার সময় প্রথমে 2nd person, তার
পর 3rd person এবং শেষে 1st person (231) বসে।
Ine: I, you and Habib are present.
Cor: You, Habib and I are present.
কিন্তু দোষ স্বীকার বুঝালে প্রথমে 1st person, তার পর 3rd person এবং সর্বশেষে 2nd person (132) বসে।
Ine: You, Habib and I are guilty.
Cor: 1, Habib and you are guilty.
অন্যান্য Noun এবং Pronoun-এর সঙ্গে 1st person থাকলে তাদের পরিবর্তে 1st person-এর pronoun বসে। কিন্তু 2nd person 3rd person এক সঙ্গে থাকলে তাদের পরিবর্তে 2nd person-এর pronoun বসে।
Inc: My father and I did his best.
Cor: My father and I did our best.
Ine: You and your students did their best.
Cor: You and your students did your best.
Collective Noun-গুলো সাধারণত singular এবং এদের পরে verb singular হয়।
Ine: The Jury were unanimous in their opinion.
Cor. The jury was unanimous in its opinion. Inc: The family have been living here for four years.
Cor: The family has been living here for four years.
কিন্তু Noun of Multitude বুঝালে এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Ine: The jury was divided in its opinion.
Cor: The jury were divided in their opinion.
Note:
Noun of Multitude: Collective Noun-এর প্রত্যেক ব্যক্তি বা অংশকে পৃথকভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে Noun of Multitude বলে। উপরের Sentence-এ jury-Noun of Multitude.
একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়।
Inc: Forty miles are a long way.
Cor: Forty miles is a long way.
কিন্তু সংখ্যা বুঝালে Verb Plural হয়।
Ine: Two thirds of the students is present today.
Cor: Two thirds of the students are present today.
9. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো দেখতে Singular কিন্তু মূলত তারা Plural এবং তাদের পরে Plural Verb বসে। aristocracy, nobility, clergy, cattle, poultry, people, folk, gentry, vermin ইত্যাদি।
Ine: Cattle is grazing in the field.
Cor: Cattle are grazing in the field.
Ine: The clergy is happy. Cor: The clergy are happy.
10. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো দেখতে Plural হলেও তারা মূলত Singular এবং তাদের পরে Singular Verb বসে। Mathematics, news, physics, gallows, politics, small pox, whereabouts ইত্যাদি।
Ine: The news are false. Cor: The news is false.
11. নিম্নলিখিত Noun-গুলো Plural এবং এর পরে Plural Verb বসে। spectacles, scissors, tidings, wages, thanks, ashes, assets, alms, aborigines, amends, auspices, billiards, bowels. eves, entrails, measles, mumps, nuptials, odds, trousers, shorts, pants, jaws, glasses, pliers, shears, vitals, proceeds, annals, bellows, environs ইত্যাদি। Ine: The scissors is blunt.
Cor: The scissors are blunt.
Inc: His spectacles is broken.
Cor: His spectacles are broken.
কিন্তু উপযুক্ত Noun-গুলোর পূর্বে নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যাবাচক বিশেষণ (Definite Numeral adjective) যেমন- brace, gross, dozen, patr, hundred, thousand, score, fathom, head ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb singular হয়। যেমন-
Ine: One dozen of bananas are sufficient.
Cor: One dozen of bananas is sufficient. Ine: A pair of shoes are on the table.
Cor: A pair of shoes is on the table.
7.
12. বইয়ের নাম, দেশের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও তারা মূলত singular এবং তাদের পরে singular verb বসে। যেমন-
Ine: Gulliver's Travels are a famous book.
Cor: Gulliver's Travels is a famous book.
Ine: The United States of America are a rich country.
Cor. The United States of America is a rich country.
13. Adjective-এর কোনো plural form নেই তবে adjective-এর পূর্বে The বসালে adjective-টি Plural Common Noun হয় এবং তারপরে Plural verb বসে।
Ine: The plous is happy.
Cor: The plous are happy.
14. যখন কোনো Infinitive, Gerund. Verbal Noun, Clause অথবা Phrase কোনো Sentence-এর
subject হয় তখন Verb singular হয়।
Ine: To walk are a good exercise.
Cor: To walk is a good exercise.
Ine: Walking are a good exercise.
Cor: Walking is a good exercise.
15. Subject এবং Complement বিভিন্ন Number-এর হলে verb-subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Inc: The Muslims is a brave nation.
Cor: The Muslims are a brave nation.
16. Relative Pronoun-এর পরে verb antecedent অনুযায়ী ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Inc: It is I who is responsible for this.
Cor: It is I who am responsible for this.
17. কোনো Sentence যদি Introductory "There" দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তার পরে যদি singular number থাকে তাহলে There-এর পরে singular verb বসে। আর plural number থাকলে theré এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Ine: There are a big tree in front of our school.
Cor: There is a big tree in front of our school.
Ine: There is many schools in our areas. Cor: There are many schools in our areas.
18. One of the এর পরে noun/pronoun plural number এর হয় কিন্তু verb singular হয়। যেমন- Ine: One of the boys are absent.
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Cor: One of the boys is absent.
Exercise
Ninety percent of the people is/are ignorant.
She as well as her sisters sing/sings well.
Slow and steady win/wins the race.
Five hundred taka is/are a good amount.
5. The horse and carriage has/have cost him three thousand taka.
6.
Each boy and each girl has/have the same book.
7. Either you or he is/are correct.
8
Rahim or his sister has/have gone there. 9. The captain with his followers has/have reached there in time.
10. His choice of words are/is praiseworthy. 11. The beauties of Cox's Bazar is/are worth mentioning
12. III news run/runs fast.
13. "Great Expectations of Charles Dickens is/are a great novel.
14. There is/are many good schools in the town.
15. There is/are a quiet place in my area.
16. Our guide was/were the stars.
17. Early to bed and early to rise make/makes a man healthy. 18. Each house and each tree was/were burnt down.
19. The Chairman and the Secretary of the school was/were present in the meeting yesterday.
Timeline Treasures নীতিমালা মেনে কমেন্ট করুন। প্রতিটি কমেন্ট রিভিউ করা হয়।
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